Faculty and staff from the sponsoring institutions will participate throughout the seminar, making presentations as well as leading discussions.

Claude Bruderlein is the Director of the Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research. He is a Lecturer at the Harvard School of Public Health and in Winter 2004 was appointed as Jeremiah Smith, Jr., Lecturer on Law at the Harvard Law School. He has been engaged in international humanitarian protection since 1985. He served with the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) as a delegate in Iran, Israel and the Occupied Territories, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Yemen. In 1996, he joined the United Nations in New York as Special Advisor on Humanitarian Affairs. Mr. Bruderlein currently advises the UN Secretariat on humanitarian issues, the negotiation of humanitarian access and conflict prevention strategies. Mr. Bruderlein holds a B.A. from McGill University in Montreal, Canada, and a law degree from the University of Geneva Law School, where he specialized in International Law. He also holds a Master's degree in Law from Harvard Law School and was admitted to the New York Bar.

Dr. Yoram Dinstein is the Yanowicz Professor of Human Rights at Tel Aviv University (Israel), where he is the immediate past President. Professor Dinstein has recently concluded a second term as a Stockton Professor of International Law at U.S. Naval War College (2002/2003, 1999/2000). He was also a Humboldt Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for International Law at Heidelberg (Germany), 2000/2001. Professor Dinstein is a Member of the Institute of International Law. His latest book in English is The Conduct of Hostilities under the Law of International Armed Conflict (Cambridge University Press, 2004).

Charles Garraway retired in 2003 after thirty years in United Kingdom Army Legal Services, initially as a criminal prosecutor but latterly as an adviser in the law of armed conflict and operational law. In that capacity, he represented the Ministry of Defence at numerous international conferences and was part of the UK delegations to the First Review Conference for the 1981 Conventional Weapons Convention, the negotiations on the establishment of an International Criminal Court, and the Diplomatic Conference that led to the 1999 Second Protocol to the 1954 Hague Convention on Cultural Property. He was also the senior Army lawyer deployed to the Gulf during the 1990/91 Gulf Conflict.

Since retiring, he spent three months in Baghdad working for the Foreign Office on transitional justice issues and six months as a Senior Research Fellow at the British Institute of International and Comparative Law before taking up the Stockton Chair in International Law at the United States Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island in August 2004 for the year 2004/5. He is a Visiting Professor at King’s College, London.

Pierre Gassmann is currently an advisor to the Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research at Harvard University. He worked for 24 years with the International Committee of the Red Cross, finishing his service as the Head of Delegation in Baghdad from July 2003-June 2004. Mr. Gassman has also been the Head of Delegation for the ICRC in Columbia, Former Yugoslavia, El Salvador, Uganda, Mozambique and Angola. His high level operations management assignments at the ICRC Geneva included Head of Operations for Eastern Europe (2000-2003) and Africa (1988-1991). He has also held the position of Chair of the Inter Agency Standing Committee Working Group on the Millennium (1999-2000).

Professor Dr. Wolff Heintschel von Heinegg is professor of public law, especially public international law, European law and foreign constitutional law at the Europa-Universität Viadrina in Frankfurt (Oder). Since October 2004 he is the dean of the law faculty of the Europa-Universität. Previously, he served as Professor of Public International Law at the University of Augsburg. In the academic year 2003/2004 he was the Charles H. Stockton Professor of International Law at the U.S. Naval War College in Newport, R.I., USA. He had been a Visiting Professor at the Universities of Kaliningrad (Russia), Almaty (Kazachstan), Santiago de Cuba (Cuba) and Nice (France). He was the Rapporteur of the International Law Association Committee on Maritime Neutrality and was the Vice-President of the German Society of Military Law and the Law of War. Professor Heintschel von Heinegg was among a group of international lawyers and naval experts who produced the San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflicts at Sea, in 2002 he published the German Navy’s Commander’s Handbook on the Law of Naval Operations. He is a widely published author of articles and books on public international law and German constitutional law.

Lieutenant Colonel Ben Klappe joined the United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations in New York in December 2002 as the Special Assistant to the Military Adviser. Following award of a Masters of Law degree from the University of Leiden, he joined the Army Legal Service in 1993. Subsequently, he has been legal advisor with the 4th Mechanized Division and with HQ 1(German/ Netherlands) Corps, Muenster, Germany. Following an assignment as chief legal advisor of the Netherlands Armed Forces Support Agency in Germany, he was appointed deputy director with the International Institute of Humanitarian Law in San Remo, Italy. Before joining the UN, he served at HQ Netherlands Army staff as legal advisor responsible for criminal and disciplinary law matters.

Lieutenant Colonel Klappe contributed to numerous seminars and training sessions on UN peacekeeping, international humanitarian law and human rights law and has authored a number of publications.

Stephanie Kleine-Ahlbrandt is a Programme Manager in the Asia Division of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in Geneva, Switzerland. She is responsible for implementing human rights technical cooperation with the Government of the People’s Republic of China aimed at strengthening the rule of law and administration of justice in China. Prior to this position, she worked with the Special Adviser to the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights on National Human Rights Institutions, the UN Special Rapporteurs on Human Rights in Nigeria and Rwanda and the Special Representative on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran. She served as a human rights officer in Bosnia and Herzegovina for the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe; and for the United Nations Human Rights Field Operation in Rwanda. Ms. Kleine-Ahlbrandt has lectured and published widely on the Commission on Human Rights and its special procedures, human rights education, women’s human rights, and human rights challenges during international responses to complex humanitarian emergencies.

Dr. Mohammad-Mahmoud Ould Mohamedou is Associate Director at the Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research. Prior to joining HPCR, Dr. Mohamedou served as Research Director with the International Council on Human Rights Policy, based in Geneva. Previously, he served as Research Associate at the Ralph Bunche Institute on the United Nations in New York. Dr. Mohamedou holds a degree in law from the Université Panthéon-Sorbonne in Paris, as well as a Master's degree and a Ph.D. in Political Science from the City University of New York Graduate School. He was also post-doctoral Scholar-in-Residence at the Center for Middle Eastern Studies at Harvard University. He is the author of books, articles and chapters on human rights and democracy in the Arab world, including Iraq and the Second Gulf War - State-Building and Regime Security (1998, second edition 2001), Societal Transition to Democracy in Mauritania (1995), and "Algérie: Pourquoi le Silence Arabe?," Le Monde, November 11, 1997. Dr. Mohamedou is a frequent lecturer in his fields of interest and is fluent in English, French, Spanish and Arabic.

Major General (retired) Dr. Horst Schmalfeld joined the Air Force in April 1963 and graduated from the Air Force Academy after officer training in 1964. He went on to graduate in 1967 from the Advanced Technical College at the Air Force Technical School as a Diplom-Ingenieur; in 1972 from the Technical University, Munch as a Diplom-Mathematiker; in 1976 from the Technical University, Munich with his Doctorate in Natural Sciences; in 1978 from the Federal Armed Forces Command and Staff College upon completion of Air Force General Staff Training.

Prior to coming to the Marshall Center, General Schmalfeld served as a lecturer at the Bundeswehr University, Section Chief to the Director of Air Force Armament in Köln-Wahn, Commander of the Air Force Service Regiment in Mechernich, at the NATO Defense College in Rome, Deputy Chief of Staff, Concepts and Planning and later Deputy Chief of Staff for Concepts, Planning, Logistics and Armament at the Federal Ministry of Defense in Bonn, and Assistant Chief of Staff, ACE, Resources Division, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) Belgium.

Michael N. Schmitt is Professor of International Law at the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies. He also serves as Director of the Program in Advanced Security Studies (PASS), the Center's flagship resident program. Professor Schmitt served in the United States Air Force for 20 years before joining the Marshall Center faculty. During his military career, he specialized in operational and international law and was senior legal adviser to multiple Air Force units, including units conducting combat operations over Northern Iraq. Formerly on the faculties of the United States Air Force Academy and Naval War College, he also has been a Visiting Scholar at Yale Law School and lectures regularly at the International Institute of Humanitarian Law and the NATO School.

Alan Tieger is a Senior Trial Attorney for the Office of the Prosecutor of the ICTY, where he has directed investigations and prosecutions of political leaders. Mr. Tieger was one of the founding lawyers of the ICTY in 1994 and served as one of the principal trial prosecutors in its first case, Prosecutor v. Tadic. Before he began at the ICTY, Mr. Tieger was a senior prosecutor for the United States Department of Justice, specializing in the investigation and prosecution of complex cases of racial violence and police brutality nationwide, including the successful federal prosecution in 1993 of the Los Angeles police officers involved in the beating of Rodney King. Mr. Tieger has also served as special counsel on international humanitarian law and war crimes investigations to the United States Department of State and as a consultant to numerous non-governmental organizations on issues of international humanitarian law.

Additional biographies are forthcoming.